What characteristics does fluorescence-activated cell sorting utilize to separate biological cells?

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) utilizes light scattering and fluorescent characteristics to effectively separate biological cells. During the FACS process, cells are passed through a laser beam which causes them to scatter light. The scattered light can provide information about the size and complexity of the cells, which is measured through light scattering.

In addition, cells that have been labeled with fluorescent markers emit light at specific wavelengths when they are illuminated with the appropriate laser light. The emitted fluorescence is detected and analyzed, allowing for the identification of specific cell populations based on the presence or intensity of the fluorescent markers. This capability is crucial for distinguishing between different cell types or states based on unique surface markers or internal characteristics, which can be vital in research and clinical applications.

Understanding the fundamental principles behind FACS and the significance of fluorescent characteristics is essential for anyone working with flow cytometry, as it directly relates to the ability to analyze and sort cells based on their specific biological properties.